column-width : Column Width Property
The column-width property specifies the ideal or minimum width for columns in a multi-column layout. Unlike column-count which sets an exact number of columns, column-width allows the browser to determine the optimal number of columns based on available space, making layouts more responsive and adaptable to different page sizes.
Usage
selector {
column-width: value;
}
The column-width property suggests an ideal width for columns. The actual number of columns is calculated based on the container width and specified column width, with column-gap also considered in the calculation.
Supported Values
Length Units
- Points:
150pt,200pt,250pt - Pixels:
150px,200px,250px - Inches:
2in,2.5in,3in - Centimeters:
5cm,6cm,8cm - Millimeters:
50mm,60mm,80mm - Ems:
15em,20em,25em
auto (default)
The column width is determined by other properties such as column-count. When both are auto, single-column layout is used.
Supported Elements
The column-width property can be applied to:
- Block containers (
<div>,<section>,<article>) - Content areas requiring flexible column layout
- Responsive multi-column designs
- All block-level elements that contain flowable content
Notes
- Column-width specifies the ideal or minimum width for columns
- Actual column width may be wider to fill available space
- Cannot specify both column-width and column-count precisely - use one or the other
- When using column-width, the number of columns adapts to container size
- Provides more flexible, responsive column layouts than column-count
- Particularly useful for documents that might be viewed at different sizes
- Standard column widths for readability: 45-75 characters (approximately 250-450pt)
- Narrower columns (150-200pt) work well for brief content and lists
- Wider columns (300-400pt) suit detailed articles and reports
- In PDF generation, column-width helps create consistent layouts
- The browser/renderer will never create columns narrower than specified width
- If container is narrower than column-width + gaps, reverts to single column
- Combine with column-gap for complete control over multi-column appearance
Data Binding
The column-width property integrates with data binding to create flexible, responsive multi-column layouts that automatically adapt to different page sizes and layout requirements. This enables truly responsive document designs that maintain optimal readability across various contexts.
Example 1: Responsive column width based on page size
<style>
.article {
column-gap: 25pt;
padding: 30pt;
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.7;
}
.article h2 {
column-span: all;
color: #1e3a8a;
font-size: 24pt;
margin: 0 0 15pt 0;
}
.article p {
margin: 0 0 12pt 0;
}
</style>
<body>
<!-- Adaptive column width based on page dimensions -->
<div class="article"
style="column-width: ">
<h2></h2>
<p></p>
</div>
<!-- Dynamic width for different document types -->
<div class="article"
style="column-width: ;
column-gap: 22pt;">
<h2></h2>
<p><h1 id="column-span--column-span-property">column-span : Column Span Property</h1>
<p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">column-span</code> property specifies whether an element should span across all columns in a multi-column layout. This is essential for creating headlines, section dividers, images, and other elements that need to break out of the column flow and span the full width of the container in newsletters, magazines, and professional documents.</p>
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
<div class="language-css highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">selector</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>The column-span property controls whether an element spans across all columns or stays within a single column in multi-column layouts.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="supported-values">Supported Values</h2>
<h3 id="none-default">none (default)</h3>
<p>The element does not span columns and appears within the normal column flow. This is the default behavior for all elements in multi-column layouts.</p>
<h3 id="all">all</h3>
<p>The element spans across all columns, breaking the column flow. Content before the spanning element fills available columns, then the spanning element appears full-width, then content after it continues in the column flow.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="supported-elements">Supported Elements</h2>
<p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">column-span</code> property can be applied to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Headings (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><h1></code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><h2></code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><h3></code>, etc.)</li>
<li>Images (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><img></code>)</li>
<li>Section dividers and horizontal rules</li>
<li>Block quotes and callouts</li>
<li>Tables and figures</li>
<li>Any block-level element within multi-column container</li>
<li>Elements that need to break out of column flow</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>
<ul>
<li>Column-span only works within multi-column containers</li>
<li>Only two values are supported: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">none</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">all</code></li>
<li>Cannot span a specific number of columns (only all or none)</li>
<li>Spanning elements create natural break points in column flow</li>
<li>Content flows to fill columns before spanning element</li>
<li>After spanning element, content continues in balanced columns</li>
<li>Particularly useful for headings that introduce new sections</li>
<li>Images and figures often span columns for emphasis</li>
<li>Tables frequently span all columns for better readability</li>
<li>Breaking column flow creates visual hierarchy and organization</li>
<li>In PDF generation, spanning elements help structure complex documents</li>
<li>Use sparingly to maintain column layout benefits</li>
<li>Too many spanning elements can fragment reading experience</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2 id="data-binding">Data Binding</h2>
<p>The column-span property works with data binding to conditionally create full-width elements based on content importance, document structure, and layout preferences. This enables dynamic document structures with adaptive spanning elements.</p>
<h3 id="example-1-conditional-spanning-based-on-content-importance">Example 1: Conditional spanning based on content importance</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.article</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.7</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.section-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.highlight-box</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#fef3c7</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#f59e0b</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"article"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: ; font-size: 32pt; color: #1e3a8a; margin-bottom: 20pt;"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><p></p></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Conditionally span important callouts --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"highlight-box"</span>
<span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: "</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><strong></strong></span>
<span class="nt"><p></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Section headers span based on level --></span>
<span class="nt"><h2</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-title"</span>
<span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: "</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-2-dynamic-spanning-for-images-and-tables">Example 2: Dynamic spanning for images and tables</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.document</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">35pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.6</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.image-container</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.image-caption</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">9pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-top</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.data-table</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-collapse</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">collapse</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">9pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.data-table</span> <span class="nt">th</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1f2937</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#374151</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.data-table</span> <span class="nt">td</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">6pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#d1d5db</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"document"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: all; font-size: 28pt; color: #1e3a8a; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20pt;"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><p></p></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Images span all columns if marked as important --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"image-container"</span>
<span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: "</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><img</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">""</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"max-width: 100%; height: auto;"</span> <span class="nt">/></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"image-caption"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Tables span based on column count --></span>
<span class="nt"><table</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"data-table"</span>
<span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: "</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><thead></span>
<span class="nt"><tr></span>
<span class="nt"><th></th></span>
<span class="nt"></tr></span>
<span class="nt"></thead></span>
<span class="nt"><tbody></span>
<span class="nt"><tr></span>
<span class="nt"><td></td></span>
<span class="nt"></tr></span>
<span class="nt"></tbody></span>
<span class="nt"></table></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-3-configurable-spanning-for-newsletters">Example 3: Configurable spanning for newsletters</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">40pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-header</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.6</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.announcement-box</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#dbeafe</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.section-divider</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">linear-gradient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to</span> <span class="nb">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span> <span class="m">0%</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">#dbeafe</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter-header"</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: all;"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"font-size: 40pt; margin: 0 0 10pt 0;"</span><span class="nt">></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><div></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter-content"</span>
<span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-count: ;
column-gap: pt;"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Featured announcements span all columns --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"announcement-box"</span>
<span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: "</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h3</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"margin: 0 0 10pt 0; font-size: 18pt; color: #1e40af;"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><p</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"margin: 0;"</span><span class="nt">></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Articles with optional spanning --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 18pt;"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h3</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: ;
color: #1e3a8a;
font-size: 14pt;
margin: 0 0 10pt 0;"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><p></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="c"><!-- Section dividers based on configuration --></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-divider"</span> <span class="na">style=</span><span class="s">"column-span: all;"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<hr />
<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<h3 id="example-1-headlines-spanning-columns">Example 1: Headlines spanning columns</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.article</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.7</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.article</span> <span class="nt">h1</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">32pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.article</span> <span class="nt">h2</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.article</span> <span class="nt">p</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">12pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"article"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1></span>Document Layout Fundamentals<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Multi-column layouts provide excellent readability by constraining
line length while efficiently using page space. The column-span property
adds flexibility by allowing key elements to break out of columns.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>Using Column Span Effectively<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Headlines and section titles often benefit from spanning all columns.
This creates clear visual hierarchy and helps readers navigate long
documents. The spanning element acts as an organizational landmark.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Notice how the main headline and section headings span the full width,
while body text flows in two columns. This combination provides both
structure and readability.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>Best Practices<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Use column-span strategically for elements that truly need emphasis
or that organize content into logical sections. Overuse can fragment
the reading experience and diminish the benefits of columnar layout.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-2-magazine-article-with-spanning-images">Example 2: Magazine article with spanning images</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.magazine-page</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">650pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">45pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.article-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">42pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.article-subtitle</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">16pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">10pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.byline</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">11pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#9ca3af</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">30pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.article-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.8</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">11pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.article-content</span> <span class="nt">p</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">14pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-image</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">200pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#dbeafe</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">flex</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">align-items</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">justify-content</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">14pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.image-caption</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">-20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"magazine-page"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"article-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"article-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>The Art of Publication Design<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"article-subtitle"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Creating Professional Documents with Modern Tools
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"byline"</span><span class="nt">></span>By Alexandra Thompson | Photography by James Rodriguez<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>The principles of effective publication design have evolved over
centuries, but core concepts remain remarkably consistent. Understanding
how to use space, typography, and layout creates documents that are
both beautiful and functional.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>One of the most powerful techniques is selective use of column-
spanning elements. By allowing key content to break out of the column
structure, designers create emphasis and organization without
abandoning the readability benefits of multi-column layout.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-image"</span><span class="nt">></span>
[Featured Image: Modern Publication Layouts]
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"image-caption"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Figure 1: Examples of effective column-spanning elements in professional publications
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Notice how the image above spans the full width of the page,
creating a natural break in the content flow. This technique draws
attention to visual elements while maintaining the overall column
structure for text content.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Professional publications use this approach extensively. Magazine
articles feature spanning headlines, pull quotes, and images. Annual
reports use spanning section headers and data visualizations. The
pattern works across document types because it respects fundamental
principles of visual hierarchy and organization.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-3-newsletter-with-spanning-callouts">Example 3: Newsletter with spanning callouts</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">40pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-header</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">40pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">10pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-date</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.6</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-content</span> <span class="nt">h3</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">13pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">8pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.newsletter-content</span> <span class="nt">p</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">10pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.callout-box</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#fef3c7</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#f59e0b</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.callout-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">18pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#92400e</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">10pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.callout-text</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#78350f</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.6</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter-header"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>MONTHLY UPDATE<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter-date"</span><span class="nt">></span>October 2025 | Volume 8, Issue 10<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"newsletter-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h3></span>Industry News<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Technology sector continues strong growth with document automation
leading adoption trends. Companies report significant efficiency gains
from automated generation systems.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h3></span>Product Updates<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>New features released this month include enhanced column layout
controls and improved spanning capabilities for complex documents.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"callout-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"callout-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Special Announcement<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"callout-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Join us for our annual conference on November 15th! Early bird
registration now open with special pricing for newsletter subscribers.
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><h3></span>Success Stories<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Leading organizations share experiences implementing automated
document systems. Common themes include improved consistency, reduced
costs, and faster turnaround times.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h3></span>Tips <span class="err">&</span> Tricks<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>This month we explore column-span property for creating emphasis
in multi-column layouts. Strategic use of spanning elements enhances
document organization and visual appeal.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h3></span>Looking Ahead<span class="nt"></h3></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Upcoming features promise even more sophisticated layout options.
Stay tuned for announcements about new capabilities coming in Q4.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-4-academic-paper-with-spanning-tables">Example 4: Academic paper with spanning tables</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.paper</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">600pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">50pt</span> <span class="m">40pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.paper-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">22pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1f2937</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">18pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.author-block</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.authors</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1f2937</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.affiliation</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.paper-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.7</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.paper-content</span> <span class="nt">h2</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">16pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">12pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">6pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.paper-content</span> <span class="nt">p</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">12pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.data-table</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-collapse</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">collapse</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">9pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.data-table</span> <span class="nt">th</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1f2937</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">left</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#374151</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.data-table</span> <span class="nt">td</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">6pt</span> <span class="m">8pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#d1d5db</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.table-caption</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">9pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">-15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"paper"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"paper-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"paper-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Impact of Column-Spanning Elements on Document Readability
<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"author-block"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"authors"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Dr. Emily Richards, PhD and Prof. David Martinez, DSc
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"affiliation"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Department of Information Design, Institute of Technology
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>Abstract<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>This study examines how column-spanning elements affect reading
comprehension and information retention in multi-column documents.
Results indicate that strategic use of spanning elements improves
navigation and comprehension by 18% compared to uniform column layouts.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>1. Introduction<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Multi-column layouts have proven benefits for readability, but
questions remain about optimal integration of full-width elements.
This research addresses that gap through controlled experiments.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>We hypothesized that selective use of spanning elements would
enhance document organization without sacrificing the readability
benefits of columnar text. Our findings support this hypothesis.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>2. Methodology<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>We tested 400 participants using documents with varying layouts.
Reading speed, comprehension, and navigation efficiency were measured
for each configuration.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><table</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"data-table"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><thead></span>
<span class="nt"><tr></span>
<span class="nt"><th></span>Layout Type<span class="nt"></th></span>
<span class="nt"><th></span>Reading Speed (WPM)<span class="nt"></th></span>
<span class="nt"><th></span>Comprehension (%)<span class="nt"></th></span>
<span class="nt"><th></span>Navigation Score<span class="nt"></th></span>
<span class="nt"></tr></span>
<span class="nt"></thead></span>
<span class="nt"><tbody></span>
<span class="nt"><tr></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>Uniform Columns<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>245<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>72%<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>6.2/10<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"></tr></span>
<span class="nt"><tr></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>Spanning Headers<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>248<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>78%<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>7.8/10<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"></tr></span>
<span class="nt"><tr></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>Spanning Headers + Images<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>242<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>85%<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"><td></span>8.5/10<span class="nt"></td></span>
<span class="nt"></tr></span>
<span class="nt"></tbody></span>
<span class="nt"></table></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"table-caption"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Table 1: Comparative results across layout configurations (n=400)
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>3. Results<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>The data clearly demonstrate benefits of strategic spanning element
use. Comprehension improved significantly, particularly for longer
documents where navigation matters most.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Interestingly, reading speed remained relatively constant across
configurations, suggesting that spanning elements enhance organization
without disrupting reading flow—an optimal outcome.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-5-brochure-with-spanning-section-headers">Example 5: Brochure with spanning section headers</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.brochure</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">40pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.brochure-banner</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">35pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">35pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.banner-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">44pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">12pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.banner-subtitle</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">18pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.brochure-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.section-header</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#f3f4f6</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">18pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">6pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.section-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">5pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.section-description</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-box</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">break-inside</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">avoid</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">15pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-number</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">inline-block</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-radius</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">15pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">6pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-text</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">9pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.5</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"brochure"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"brochure-banner"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"banner-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Complete Solutions<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"banner-subtitle"</span><span class="nt">></span>End-to-End Services for Your Business<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"brochure-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-header"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Consulting Services<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-description"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Expert guidance for strategic planning and implementation
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>1<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Strategic Assessment<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Comprehensive analysis of current state and future opportunities
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>2<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Roadmap Development<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Detailed planning for transformation initiatives
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>3<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Change Management<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Organizational support throughout implementation
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-header"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Development Services<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-description"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Custom solutions built to your exact specifications
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>4<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>System Design<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Architecture planning for scalable, maintainable solutions
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>5<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Implementation<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Expert development using industry best practices
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>6<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Quality Assurance<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Rigorous testing ensuring reliability and performance
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-header"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Support Services<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-description"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Ongoing assistance ensuring continued success
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>7<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>24/7 Monitoring<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Proactive system monitoring and issue resolution
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>8<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Help Desk<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Responsive support for user questions and issues
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-number"</span><span class="nt">></span>9<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Optimization<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-text"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Continuous improvement and performance tuning
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-6-report-with-spanning-pull-quotes">Example 6: Report with spanning pull quotes</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.report</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">620pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">45pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.report-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">32pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.report-subtitle</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">16pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">30pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.report-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.7</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">11pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.report-content</span> <span class="nt">h2</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.report-content</span> <span class="nt">p</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">14pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.pull-quote</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">24pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-top</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#dbeafe</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#dbeafe</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#f0f9ff</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.quote-attribution</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">14pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">normal</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-top</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"report"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"report-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"report-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Digital Transformation Strategy<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"report-subtitle"</span><span class="nt">></span>
Roadmap for Modernization and Growth
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>Executive Overview<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Our comprehensive analysis reveals significant opportunities for
digital transformation across core business processes. Strategic
investments in technology infrastructure will enable competitive
advantages and operational efficiencies.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>This report outlines recommended initiatives, projected outcomes,
and implementation timelines for systematic modernization efforts.
Our approach balances ambition with pragmatism, ensuring achievable
milestones and measurable progress.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>Current State Assessment<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Legacy systems continue providing value but increasingly constrain
innovation and agility. Manual processes consume resources better
directed toward strategic initiatives. Document generation exemplifies
these challenges, with inconsistent output and substantial time
investment.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"pull-quote"</span><span class="nt">></span>
"Strategic automation investments will yield 35% cost reduction
while improving quality by 42%"
<span class="nt"><span</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"quote-attribution"</span><span class="nt">></span>— Analysis Summary<span class="nt"></span></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Market conditions favor organizations that can respond quickly to
changing requirements. Current infrastructure limits our ability to
adapt rapidly, creating competitive vulnerabilities that systematic
modernization will address.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><h2></span>Strategic Recommendations<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>We recommend phased implementation beginning with high-impact,
lower-risk initiatives that demonstrate clear value. Early successes
build momentum and stakeholder confidence for subsequent phases.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Document automation represents an ideal starting point: substantial
benefits, manageable complexity, and clear metrics for success. Modern
generation systems enable consistent branding, personalization at scale,
and dramatic time savings.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-7-magazine-feature-with-spanning-infographics">Example 7: Magazine feature with spanning infographics</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.magazine-feature</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">700pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">50pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-headline</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">52pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-deck</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.4</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.byline</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#9ca3af</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">35pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">35pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.9</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.feature-content</span> <span class="nt">p</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">16pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.infographic</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#f3f4f6</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#d1d5db</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.infographic-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.stat-grid</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">table</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-collapse</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">separate</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-spacing</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.stat-box</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">table-cell</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.stat-value</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">36pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.stat-label</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"magazine-feature"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-headline"</span><span class="nt">></span>The Data Revolution<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"feature-deck"</span><span class="nt">></span>
How organizations are transforming information into competitive advantage
through strategic technology adoption
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"byline"</span><span class="nt">></span>
By Rebecca Thompson | Data Analysis by Marcus Kim | October 2025
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>The volume of business data has exploded in recent years, creating
both challenges and unprecedented opportunities. Organizations that
master data-driven decision making gain significant competitive advantages
in increasingly dynamic markets.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Success requires more than technology investment—it demands cultural
change, process refinement, and strategic vision. Leading companies
approach data transformation holistically, addressing people, processes,
and technology simultaneously.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"infographic"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"infographic-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Impact of Data Transformation<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-grid"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-value"</span><span class="nt">></span>47%<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-label"</span><span class="nt">></span>Revenue Growth<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-value"</span><span class="nt">></span>62%<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-label"</span><span class="nt">></span>Efficiency Gain<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-box"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-value"</span><span class="nt">></span>38%<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"stat-label"</span><span class="nt">></span>Cost Reduction<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>These impressive results don't happen overnight. Organizations
typically see benefits emerge over 12-18 months as systems mature and
users develop proficiency. Early wins build momentum and justify
continued investment in capabilities.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Document generation exemplifies data transformation potential.
Automated systems that once generated simple form letters now create
sophisticated, personalized communications incorporating complex data
analysis and dynamic content selection. The results are communications
that resonate with recipients while scaling efficiently.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-8-event-program-with-spanning-schedule-sections">Example 8: Event program with spanning schedule sections</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.program</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">40pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.program-cover</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">45pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">35pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.event-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">48pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.event-details</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">18pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.program-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.day-header</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#f3f4f6</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.day-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">22pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">5pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.day-subtitle</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">13pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.session</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">break-inside</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">avoid</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">18pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.session-time</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">11pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">6pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.session-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1f2937</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">11pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">5pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.session-speaker</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">9pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">5pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.session-location</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#9ca3af</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">9pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"program"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"program-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"program-cover"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"event-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Tech Summit 2025<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"event-details"</span><span class="nt">></span>
October 25-27 | Metropolitan Convention Center
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-header"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Friday, October 25<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-subtitle"</span><span class="nt">></span>Opening Day <span class="err">&</span> Keynotes<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>9:00 AM - 10:30 AM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Opening Keynote: Future of Technology<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Dr. Sarah Johnson, CEO TechCorp<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Main Auditorium<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>11:00 AM - 12:30 PM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Workshop: Document Automation<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Michael Chen, Senior Architect<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Workshop Hall A<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>2:00 PM - 3:30 PM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Panel: AI and Machine Learning<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Industry Expert Panel<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Conference Room 201<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>4:00 PM - 5:30 PM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Hands-on Lab: PDF Generation<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Alexandra Martinez, Lead Developer<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Lab 3B<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-header"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Saturday, October 26<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-subtitle"</span><span class="nt">></span>Deep Dives <span class="err">&</span> Case Studies<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>9:00 AM - 10:30 AM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Case Study: Enterprise Transformation<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Robert Williams, CTO GlobalBank<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Main Auditorium<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>11:00 AM - 12:30 PM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Advanced Layout Techniques<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Jennifer Lee, UX Director<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Workshop Hall B<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>2:00 PM - 3:30 PM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Building Scalable Systems<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>David Foster, Systems Architect<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Conference Room 305<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>4:00 PM - 5:30 PM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Q<span class="err">&</span>A with Industry Leaders<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Executive Panel Discussion<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Main Auditorium<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-header"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Sunday, October 27<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"day-subtitle"</span><span class="nt">></span>Closing Sessions <span class="err">&</span> Workshops<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>9:00 AM - 10:30 AM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Future Trends in Document Design<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Lisa Anderson, VP Product<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Main Auditorium<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-time"</span><span class="nt">></span>11:00 AM - 12:30 PM<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Closing Keynote <span class="err">&</span> Awards<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-speaker"</span><span class="nt">></span>Conference Leadership<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"session-location"</span><span class="nt">></span>Main Auditorium<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-9-directory-with-spanning-alphabetical-headers">Example 9: Directory with spanning alphabetical headers</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.directory</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">35pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.directory-banner</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1f2937</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.directory-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">36pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">10pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.directory-subtitle</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">14pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.directory-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.letter-divider</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">32pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">white</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.directory-entry</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">break-inside</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">avoid</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">12pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#f9fafb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.entry-name</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">5pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.entry-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.entry-contact</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#9ca3af</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-banner"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Staff Directory 2025<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-subtitle"</span><span class="nt">></span>Complete Employee Listing<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"letter-divider"</span><span class="nt">></span>A<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Anderson, Sarah<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Sales Manager<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2101 | sanderson@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Andrews, Michael<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Marketing Director<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2102 | mandrews@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Armstrong, Jennifer<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>HR Specialist<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2103 | jarmstrong@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"letter-divider"</span><span class="nt">></span>B<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Baker, Robert<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>IT Manager<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2201 | rbaker@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Bennett, Lisa<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Financial Analyst<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2202 | lbennett@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Brooks, David<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Operations Lead<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2203 | dbrooks@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Brown, Emma<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Customer Success<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2204 | ebrown@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"letter-divider"</span><span class="nt">></span>C<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Carter, James<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Product Manager<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2301 | jcarter@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Chen, Lisa<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Marketing Lead<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2302 | lchen@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"directory-entry"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>Collins, Daniel<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Engineering Manager<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"entry-contact"</span><span class="nt">></span>Ext 2303 | dcollins@company.com<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="example-10-complex-layout-with-multiple-spanning-elements">Example 10: Complex layout with multiple spanning elements</h3>
<div class="language-html highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><style></span>
<span class="nc">.publication</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">width</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">680pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="nb">auto</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">50pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.masthead</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">4pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.publication-name</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">48pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">10pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.issue-info</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">13pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.main-content</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">column-gap</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">32pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">justify</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.8</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">11pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.main-headline</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">38pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.subhead</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">16pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#6b7280</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">line-height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1.5</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">10pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.byline</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">11pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#9ca3af</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.main-content</span> <span class="nt">p</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">14pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.section-break</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">height</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">linear-gradient</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to</span> <span class="nb">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span> <span class="m">0%</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">#dbeafe</span> <span class="m">50%</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span> <span class="m">100%</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.section-title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">24pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bold</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">30pt</span> <span class="m">0</span> <span class="m">15pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">10pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-bottom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">3pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#e5e7eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nc">.featured-quote</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">column-span</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">all</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">background-color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#f0f9ff</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">border-left</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">8pt</span> <span class="nb">solid</span> <span class="m">#2563eb</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">margin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">25pt</span> <span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">20pt</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">font-style</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">italic</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">color</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">#1e3a8a</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nl">text-align</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">center</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nt"></style></span>
<span class="nt"><body></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"publication"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"main-content"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"masthead"</span><span class="nt">></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"publication-name"</span><span class="nt">></span>DESIGN PERSPECTIVES<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"issue-info"</span><span class="nt">></span>October 2025 | Vol. 12, Issue 10<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><h1</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"main-headline"</span><span class="nt">></span>Mastering Multi-Column Layouts<span class="nt"></h1></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"subhead"</span><span class="nt">></span>
A comprehensive guide to creating professional publication-quality
documents using modern CSS techniques and best practices
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"byline"</span><span class="nt">></span>
By Victoria Sterling | Design by Marcus Kim | October 14, 2025
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>The art of document layout has evolved significantly, but core
principles remain constant. Understanding how to effectively combine
columnar text flow with strategic full-width elements creates documents
that are both functional and beautiful.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Column-spanning elements serve multiple purposes: they create visual
hierarchy, organize content into logical sections, and provide emphasis
for key information. Used thoughtfully, they enhance rather than
disrupt the reading experience.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"featured-quote"</span><span class="nt">></span>
"Strategic use of spanning elements improves document navigation
and comprehension by up to 18%"
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Research supports what designers have long known intuitively: readers
navigate documents more effectively when clear visual landmarks mark
section boundaries and organizational structure. Full-width headers,
images, and callouts serve as these crucial waypoints.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-break"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
<span class="nt"><h2</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Implementation Strategies<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Successful implementation requires balancing competing concerns.
Too many spanning elements fragment the layout and dilute their impact.
Too few fails to provide adequate organization and visual interest.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Professional publications typically employ spanning elements for
major headlines, section dividers, significant images or infographics,
and occasional pull quotes or callouts. This measured approach maintains
column benefits while providing structural clarity.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-break"</span><span class="nt">></div></span>
<span class="nt"><h2</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"section-title"</span><span class="nt">></span>Best Practices<span class="nt"></h2></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Consider these guidelines when designing multi-column layouts with
spanning elements: Use spans for genuine organization, not decoration.
Maintain consistent styling for similar element types. Ensure adequate
spacing around spanning elements to prevent visual crowding.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"><p></span>Remember that every spanning element creates a break in the reading
flow. Make these breaks count by using them to mark meaningful
transitions in content or to highlight truly important information.<span class="nt"></p></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></div></span>
<span class="nt"></body></span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<hr />
<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/reference/cssproperties/css_prop_column-count">column-count</a> - Set number of columns</li>
<li><a href="/reference/cssproperties/css_prop_column-gap">column-gap</a> - Set spacing between columns</li>
<li><a href="/reference/cssproperties/css_prop_column-width">column-width</a> - Set ideal column width</li>
<li><a href="/reference/cssproperties/css_prop_display">display</a> - Control element display type</li>
<li><a href="/reference/htmlattributes/attr_style">style</a> - Inline style attribute</li>
</ul>
<hr />
</p>
</div>
</body>
Example 2: Configurable column layouts
<style>
.newsletter {
padding: 40pt;
}
.newsletter-header {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 30pt;
padding-bottom: 20pt;
border-bottom: 3pt solid #1e3a8a;
}
.newsletter-content {
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.6;
font-size: 10pt;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="newsletter">
<div class="newsletter-header">
<h1></h1>
<div></div>
</div>
<!-- User-configurable column width -->
<div class="newsletter-content"
style="column-width: pt;
column-gap: pt;">
<h3 style="color: #1e3a8a; margin: 0 0 8pt 0;"></h3>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 3: Adaptive layouts for multi-section documents
<style>
.document {
padding: 40pt;
}
.section {
margin-bottom: 30pt;
}
.section-header {
font-size: 22pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin-bottom: 15pt;
padding-bottom: 10pt;
border-bottom: 2pt solid #e5e7eb;
}
.section-content {
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.7;
font-size: 10pt;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="document">
<h1 style="text-align: center; font-size: 32pt; color: #1e3a8a; margin-bottom: 30pt;">
</h1>
<!-- Each section can have custom column width -->
<div class="section">
<h2 class="section-header"></h2>
<div class="section-content"
style="column-width: pt;
column-gap: pt;">
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Responsive width based on content density -->
<div class="section">
<h2 class="section-header">Additional Information</h2>
<div class="section-content"
style="column-width: ;
column-gap: ;">
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Examples
Example 1: Basic responsive column width
<style>
.article {
column-width: 250pt;
column-gap: 20pt;
padding: 30pt;
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.7;
}
.article h2 {
column-span: all;
color: #1e3a8a;
font-size: 24pt;
margin: 0 0 15pt 0;
}
.article p {
margin: 0 0 12pt 0;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="article">
<h2>Flexible Column Layouts</h2>
<p>Using column-width instead of column-count creates flexible layouts
that adapt to available space. The layout engine determines the optimal
number of columns based on the 250pt target width.</p>
<p>In a 600pt wide container, this might create 2 columns. In an 800pt
container, you might see 3 columns. The layout adapts automatically
while maintaining optimal column width for readability.</p>
<p>This approach is particularly valuable for documents that might be
rendered at different sizes or viewed on different devices.</p>
</div>
</body>
Example 2: Narrow columns for lists and directories
<style>
.directory {
padding: 30pt;
}
.directory-header {
text-align: center;
background-color: #1e3a8a;
color: white;
padding: 25pt;
margin-bottom: 25pt;
}
.directory-header h1 {
margin: 0;
font-size: 28pt;
}
.contact-list {
column-width: 180pt;
column-gap: 15pt;
}
.contact-entry {
break-inside: avoid;
margin-bottom: 12pt;
padding: 10pt;
background-color: #f9fafb;
border-left: 3pt solid #2563eb;
}
.contact-name {
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
font-size: 10pt;
margin-bottom: 5pt;
}
.contact-info {
font-size: 8pt;
color: #6b7280;
line-height: 1.4;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="directory">
<div class="directory-header">
<h1>Quick Reference Directory</h1>
</div>
<div class="contact-list">
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Anderson, Sarah</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Sales Manager<br/>
Ext: 2101
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Brown, Michael</div>
<div class="contact-info">
IT Director<br/>
Ext: 2205
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Chen, Lisa</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Marketing Lead<br/>
Ext: 2308
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Davis, Robert</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Operations Manager<br/>
Ext: 2412
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Evans, Jennifer</div>
<div class="contact-info">
HR Manager<br/>
Ext: 2515
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Foster, David</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Finance Director<br/>
Ext: 2620
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Garcia, Maria</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Customer Success<br/>
Ext: 2724
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Harris, James</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Product Manager<br/>
Ext: 2828
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Jackson, Emily</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Design Lead<br/>
Ext: 2932
</div>
</div>
<div class="contact-entry">
<div class="contact-name">Kim, Daniel</div>
<div class="contact-info">
Engineering Manager<br/>
Ext: 3036
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 3: Wide columns for detailed content
<style>
.magazine {
width: 650pt;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 45pt;
}
.magazine-header {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 30pt;
padding-bottom: 20pt;
border-bottom: 3pt solid #1e3a8a;
}
.magazine-title {
font-size: 40pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin: 0 0 10pt 0;
}
.issue-info {
font-size: 12pt;
color: #6b7280;
}
.feature-article {
margin-bottom: 35pt;
}
.article-headline {
font-size: 28pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin-bottom: 15pt;
}
.article-body {
column-width: 300pt;
column-gap: 30pt;
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.8;
font-size: 11pt;
}
.article-body p {
margin: 0 0 14pt 0;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="magazine">
<div class="magazine-header">
<div class="magazine-title">DESIGN QUARTERLY</div>
<div class="issue-info">October 2025 | Vol. 15, No. 4</div>
</div>
<div class="feature-article">
<h1 class="article-headline">The Renaissance of Print Design</h1>
<div class="article-body">
<p>As digital tools become increasingly sophisticated, we're
witnessing a renaissance in document design that combines the
best of traditional print aesthetics with modern capabilities.</p>
<p>The use of column-width rather than fixed column counts
exemplifies this evolution. By specifying an ideal column width
of 300pt, we ensure optimal readability while allowing the layout
to adapt gracefully to different page configurations.</p>
<p>This approach respects fundamental principles of typography—
that line length significantly impacts reading comfort—while
embracing the flexibility that modern document generation provides.
The result is layouts that look professional across various
contexts and sizes.</p>
<p>Professional publishers have long understood that 45-75
characters per line represents the sweet spot for sustained
reading. By targeting a 300pt column width, we naturally achieve
this optimal range, creating documents that are as comfortable
to read as they are beautiful to look at.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 4: Product showcase with flexible columns
<style>
.product-showcase {
padding: 35pt;
background-color: #f9fafb;
}
.showcase-header {
text-align: center;
background-color: white;
padding: 30pt;
margin-bottom: 30pt;
border: 3pt solid #e5e7eb;
}
.showcase-title {
font-size: 36pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin: 0 0 10pt 0;
}
.showcase-subtitle {
font-size: 16pt;
color: #6b7280;
margin: 0;
}
.product-grid {
column-width: 200pt;
column-gap: 20pt;
}
.product-card {
break-inside: avoid;
background-color: white;
border: 2pt solid #e5e7eb;
padding: 15pt;
margin-bottom: 20pt;
}
.product-image {
width: 100%;
height: 140pt;
background-color: #dbeafe;
margin-bottom: 12pt;
}
.product-name {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12pt;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin-bottom: 8pt;
}
.product-description {
font-size: 9pt;
line-height: 1.5;
color: #6b7280;
margin-bottom: 10pt;
}
.product-price {
font-size: 16pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #16a34a;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="product-showcase">
<div class="showcase-header">
<div class="showcase-title">Featured Products</div>
<div class="showcase-subtitle">Autumn Collection 2025</div>
</div>
<div class="product-grid">
<div class="product-card">
<div class="product-image"></div>
<div class="product-name">Alpine Series Widget</div>
<div class="product-description">
Premium quality construction with advanced features for
demanding applications.
</div>
<div class="product-price">$149.99</div>
</div>
<div class="product-card">
<div class="product-image"></div>
<div class="product-name">Coastal Collection Tool</div>
<div class="product-description">
Durable design perfect for both professional and personal use.
</div>
<div class="product-price">$89.99</div>
</div>
<div class="product-card">
<div class="product-image"></div>
<div class="product-name">Urban Essentials Kit</div>
<div class="product-description">
Complete solution with everything you need in one package.
</div>
<div class="product-price">$199.99</div>
</div>
<div class="product-card">
<div class="product-image"></div>
<div class="product-name">Professional Grade System</div>
<div class="product-description">
Industry-leading performance meets intuitive operation.
</div>
<div class="product-price">$349.99</div>
</div>
<div class="product-card">
<div class="product-image"></div>
<div class="product-name">Compact Traveler Model</div>
<div class="product-description">
Lightweight and portable without compromising functionality.
</div>
<div class="product-price">$79.99</div>
</div>
<div class="product-card">
<div class="product-image"></div>
<div class="product-name">Executive Edition Set</div>
<div class="product-description">
Luxury materials and premium finish for discerning users.
</div>
<div class="product-price">$449.99</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 5: Newsletter with adaptive columns
<style>
.newsletter {
padding: 40pt;
}
.newsletter-masthead {
text-align: center;
background-color: #1e3a8a;
color: white;
padding: 30pt;
margin-bottom: 30pt;
}
.newsletter-name {
font-size: 40pt;
font-weight: bold;
margin: 0 0 8pt 0;
}
.newsletter-tagline {
font-size: 14pt;
font-style: italic;
margin: 0;
}
.newsletter-date {
font-size: 11pt;
margin: 10pt 0 0 0;
}
.newsletter-content {
column-width: 220pt;
column-gap: 22pt;
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.6;
font-size: 10pt;
}
.newsletter-content h3 {
color: #1e3a8a;
font-size: 14pt;
margin: 0 0 10pt 0;
break-after: avoid;
}
.newsletter-content p {
margin: 0 0 12pt 0;
}
.news-item {
break-inside: avoid;
margin-bottom: 18pt;
padding-bottom: 18pt;
border-bottom: 1pt solid #e5e7eb;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="newsletter">
<div class="newsletter-masthead">
<div class="newsletter-name">TECH BRIEFING</div>
<div class="newsletter-tagline">Your Weekly Technology Update</div>
<div class="newsletter-date">October 14, 2025 | Issue #42</div>
</div>
<div class="newsletter-content">
<div class="news-item">
<h3>PDF Generation Advances</h3>
<p>New capabilities in document generation are transforming how
businesses create professional communications. Automated systems
now rival traditional design tools in output quality while
dramatically reducing production time.</p>
</div>
<div class="news-item">
<h3>Layout Techniques</h3>
<p>Modern CSS properties like column-width enable responsive
multi-column layouts that adapt to different page sizes. This
flexibility ensures consistent, professional appearance across
various document formats and viewing contexts.</p>
</div>
<div class="news-item">
<h3>Industry Adoption</h3>
<p>Organizations across sectors are embracing automated document
generation. Financial services, healthcare, and legal firms lead
adoption, driven by needs for compliance, consistency, and scale.</p>
</div>
<div class="news-item">
<h3>Best Practices</h3>
<p>Experts recommend focusing on fundamentals: proper spacing,
readable type sizes, and logical information hierarchy. Technical
sophistication should enhance rather than overwhelm content.</p>
</div>
<div class="news-item">
<h3>Future Outlook</h3>
<p>The next generation of tools promises even greater capabilities.
AI-assisted layout, dynamic personalization, and real-time
collaboration will redefine document creation workflows.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 6: Academic journal format
<style>
.journal-article {
width: 600pt;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 50pt 40pt;
}
.article-title {
text-align: center;
font-size: 22pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1f2937;
line-height: 1.3;
margin-bottom: 18pt;
}
.author-info {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 12pt;
}
.authors {
font-size: 12pt;
color: #1f2937;
margin-bottom: 8pt;
}
.affiliation {
font-size: 10pt;
color: #6b7280;
font-style: italic;
}
.abstract-section {
padding: 20pt;
background-color: #f9fafb;
border: 1pt solid #e5e7eb;
margin-bottom: 30pt;
}
.abstract-title {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 13pt;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin-bottom: 10pt;
}
.abstract-text {
font-size: 10pt;
line-height: 1.7;
text-align: justify;
}
.article-content {
column-width: 280pt;
column-gap: 25pt;
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.7;
font-size: 10pt;
}
.article-content h2 {
column-span: all;
font-size: 16pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin: 25pt 0 12pt 0;
border-bottom: 2pt solid #e5e7eb;
padding-bottom: 6pt;
}
.article-content p {
margin: 0 0 12pt 0;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="journal-article">
<h1 class="article-title">
Optimal Column Width in Automated Document Generation:
An Empirical Study
</h1>
<div class="author-info">
<div class="authors">
Dr. Elizabeth Martinez, PhD and Prof. James Richardson, DSc
</div>
<div class="affiliation">
Institute for Document Technology Research, University of Design Sciences
</div>
</div>
<div class="abstract-section">
<div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div>
<div class="abstract-text">
This study examines the impact of column width on readability and
comprehension in automatically generated PDF documents. Through
controlled experiments with 500 participants, we demonstrate that
column widths between 250-300 points optimize reading speed and
retention. Our findings support the use of flexible column-width
properties over fixed column counts in responsive document layouts.
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-content">
<h2>1. Introduction</h2>
<p>The advent of sophisticated document generation systems has renewed
interest in classical typography principles. While digital tools offer
unprecedented flexibility, fundamental questions about optimal layout
parameters remain relevant.</p>
<p>This research addresses a specific aspect of multi-column layout:
the relationship between column width and reading efficacy. Our work
builds upon established typography research while accounting for the
unique characteristics of generated PDF documents.</p>
<h2>2. Methodology</h2>
<p>We conducted controlled reading comprehension experiments using
documents with varying column widths. Participants read identical
content formatted with column widths ranging from 150pt to 400pt,
with column gaps held constant at 20pt.</p>
<p>Reading speed, comprehension accuracy, and subjective preference
were measured for each configuration. Statistical analysis revealed
significant correlations between column width and all measured outcomes.</p>
<h2>3. Results</h2>
<p>The data strongly support an optimal range of 250-300pt for column
width in standard business documents. Reading speeds peaked at 280pt,
while comprehension remained consistently high across the 250-330pt
range. Subjective preference aligned closely with objective metrics.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 7: Brochure with mixed column widths
<style>
.brochure {
padding: 40pt;
}
.brochure-hero {
text-align: center;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e3a8a 0%, #2563eb 100%);
color: white;
padding: 40pt;
margin-bottom: 35pt;
}
.hero-title {
font-size: 44pt;
font-weight: bold;
margin: 0 0 12pt 0;
}
.hero-subtitle {
font-size: 18pt;
margin: 0;
}
.intro-section {
margin-bottom: 30pt;
text-align: center;
}
.intro-text {
font-size: 15pt;
line-height: 1.8;
color: #1f2937;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 500pt;
}
.features-section {
column-width: 250pt;
column-gap: 28pt;
margin-bottom: 30pt;
}
.feature-block {
break-inside: avoid;
margin-bottom: 22pt;
padding: 18pt;
background-color: #f9fafb;
border-left: 5pt solid #2563eb;
}
.feature-number {
display: inline-block;
width: 35pt;
height: 35pt;
background-color: #2563eb;
color: white;
border-radius: 18pt;
text-align: center;
line-height: 35pt;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 16pt;
margin-bottom: 10pt;
}
.feature-heading {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 14pt;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin-bottom: 8pt;
}
.feature-text {
font-size: 10pt;
line-height: 1.6;
color: #6b7280;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="brochure">
<div class="brochure-hero">
<div class="hero-title">Transform Your Business</div>
<div class="hero-subtitle">Innovative Solutions for Modern Challenges</div>
</div>
<div class="intro-section">
<p class="intro-text">
We partner with forward-thinking organizations to deliver exceptional
results through cutting-edge technology and proven methodologies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="features-section">
<div class="feature-block">
<div class="feature-number">1</div>
<div class="feature-heading">Strategic Planning</div>
<div class="feature-text">
Comprehensive analysis and strategic roadmap development to guide
your organization toward its goals with clarity and confidence.
</div>
</div>
<div class="feature-block">
<div class="feature-number">2</div>
<div class="feature-heading">Implementation Excellence</div>
<div class="feature-text">
Expert execution of complex projects with attention to detail,
risk management, and quality assurance at every stage.
</div>
</div>
<div class="feature-block">
<div class="feature-number">3</div>
<div class="feature-heading">Continuous Improvement</div>
<div class="feature-text">
Ongoing optimization and refinement to ensure sustained success
and adaptation to changing business requirements.
</div>
</div>
<div class="feature-block">
<div class="feature-number">4</div>
<div class="feature-heading">Team Enablement</div>
<div class="feature-text">
Comprehensive training and knowledge transfer to empower your
team with skills needed for long-term independence.
</div>
</div>
<div class="feature-block">
<div class="feature-number">5</div>
<div class="feature-heading">Measurable Results</div>
<div class="feature-text">
Clear metrics and regular reporting to demonstrate value and
track progress against defined success criteria.
</div>
</div>
<div class="feature-block">
<div class="feature-number">6</div>
<div class="feature-heading">Partnership Approach</div>
<div class="feature-text">
Collaborative relationships built on trust, transparency, and
mutual commitment to achieving exceptional outcomes.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 8: FAQ document with optimal width
<style>
.faq {
width: 650pt;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 40pt;
}
.faq-header {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 35pt;
}
.faq-title {
font-size: 36pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin: 0 0 12pt 0;
}
.faq-intro {
font-size: 13pt;
color: #6b7280;
margin: 0;
}
.faq-content {
column-width: 300pt;
column-gap: 30pt;
}
.faq-category {
column-span: all;
font-size: 20pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin: 25pt 0 15pt 0;
padding-bottom: 10pt;
border-bottom: 2pt solid #e5e7eb;
}
.faq-item {
break-inside: avoid;
margin-bottom: 20pt;
}
.faq-question {
font-weight: bold;
color: #2563eb;
font-size: 12pt;
margin-bottom: 8pt;
}
.faq-answer {
font-size: 10pt;
line-height: 1.7;
color: #4b5563;
text-align: justify;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="faq">
<div class="faq-header">
<h1 class="faq-title">Frequently Asked Questions</h1>
<p class="faq-intro">Find answers to common questions about our services</p>
</div>
<div class="faq-content">
<h2 class="faq-category">Getting Started</h2>
<div class="faq-item">
<div class="faq-question">Q: How do I begin using the service?</div>
<div class="faq-answer">
Simply create an account on our website and follow the guided
setup process. Our intuitive interface walks you through each
step, and help is available if needed.
</div>
</div>
<div class="faq-item">
<div class="faq-question">Q: What are the system requirements?</div>
<div class="faq-answer">
Our service works with all modern web browsers and requires
no special software installation. A stable internet connection
is recommended for optimal performance.
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="faq-category">Features and Capabilities</h2>
<div class="faq-item">
<div class="faq-question">Q: Can I customize document layouts?</div>
<div class="faq-answer">
Yes, our platform offers extensive customization options including
column layouts, spacing, typography, and branding elements. The
column-width property enables responsive multi-column designs.
</div>
</div>
<div class="faq-item">
<div class="faq-question">Q: What file formats are supported?</div>
<div class="faq-answer">
We support PDF, HTML, and various image formats. PDF output
maintains precise formatting and is ideal for professional
documents requiring consistent appearance across platforms.
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="faq-category">Billing and Plans</h2>
<div class="faq-item">
<div class="faq-question">Q: What pricing plans are available?</div>
<div class="faq-answer">
We offer flexible plans for individuals, teams, and enterprises.
All plans include core features with higher tiers providing
advanced capabilities and priority support.
</div>
</div>
<div class="faq-item">
<div class="faq-question">Q: Can I change my plan later?</div>
<div class="faq-answer">
Absolutely. You can upgrade or downgrade your plan at any time.
Changes take effect immediately, and billing adjusts proportionally
for the current period.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 9: Event program with flexible layout
<style>
.program {
padding: 38pt;
}
.program-cover {
text-align: center;
background-color: #1e3a8a;
color: white;
padding: 45pt;
margin-bottom: 35pt;
}
.event-name {
font-size: 42pt;
font-weight: bold;
margin: 0 0 15pt 0;
line-height: 1.1;
}
.event-details {
font-size: 16pt;
margin: 0;
}
.schedule-content {
column-width: 260pt;
column-gap: 25pt;
}
.time-block {
break-inside: avoid;
margin-bottom: 25pt;
}
.time-header {
font-size: 16pt;
font-weight: bold;
color: #2563eb;
margin-bottom: 12pt;
padding-bottom: 8pt;
border-bottom: 2pt solid #dbeafe;
}
.session {
break-inside: avoid;
margin-bottom: 15pt;
padding-left: 15pt;
border-left: 3pt solid #e5e7eb;
}
.session-title {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 11pt;
color: #1e3a8a;
margin-bottom: 5pt;
}
.session-speaker {
font-size: 9pt;
color: #6b7280;
font-style: italic;
margin-bottom: 5pt;
}
.session-location {
font-size: 9pt;
color: #9ca3af;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="program">
<div class="program-cover">
<div class="event-name">Annual Technology Conference 2025</div>
<div class="event-details">
October 25-27 | Convention Center | City, State
</div>
</div>
<div class="schedule-content">
<div class="time-block">
<div class="time-header">Friday, October 25 | Morning</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Opening Keynote: The Future of Technology</div>
<div class="session-speaker">Dr. Sarah Johnson, CEO TechCorp</div>
<div class="session-location">Main Auditorium | 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM</div>
</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Workshop: Advanced PDF Generation</div>
<div class="session-speaker">Michael Chen, Lead Developer</div>
<div class="session-location">Room 201 | 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="time-block">
<div class="time-header">Friday, October 25 | Afternoon</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Panel: Document Automation Trends</div>
<div class="session-speaker">Industry Experts Panel</div>
<div class="session-location">Main Auditorium | 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM</div>
</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Technical Deep Dive: Layout Systems</div>
<div class="session-speaker">Alexandra Martinez, Architect</div>
<div class="session-location">Room 105 | 4:00 PM - 5:30 PM</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="time-block">
<div class="time-header">Saturday, October 26 | Morning</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Case Study: Enterprise Implementation</div>
<div class="session-speaker">Robert Williams, CTO GlobalBank</div>
<div class="session-location">Main Auditorium | 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM</div>
</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Hands-on Lab: Multi-Column Layouts</div>
<div class="session-speaker">Jennifer Lee, UX Designer</div>
<div class="session-location">Lab 3A | 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="time-block">
<div class="time-header">Saturday, October 26 | Afternoon</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Best Practices in Document Design</div>
<div class="session-speaker">David Foster, Design Director</div>
<div class="session-location">Room 210 | 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM</div>
</div>
<div class="session">
<div class="session-title">Closing Keynote: Innovation Ahead</div>
<div class="session-speaker">Lisa Anderson, VP Product</div>
<div class="session-location">Main Auditorium | 4:00 PM - 5:00 PM</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
Example 10: Report with adaptive column structure
<style>
.report {
width: 620pt;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 45pt;
}
.report-cover {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 40pt;
padding-bottom: 30pt;
border-bottom: 4pt solid #1e3a8a;
}
.report-title {
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<body>
<div class="report">
<div class="report-cover">
<h1 class="report-title">Strategic Technology Assessment</h1>
<div class="report-subtitle">
Comprehensive Analysis and Recommendations for Digital Transformation
</div>
<div class="report-meta">
Prepared for Executive Leadership | October 2025
</div>
</div>
<div class="executive-summary">
<div class="summary-heading">Executive Summary</div>
<p class="summary-text">
This assessment examines current technology infrastructure and
recommends strategic initiatives for modernization. Key findings
indicate significant opportunities for improvement in document
automation, with potential cost savings of 35% and quality improvements
measured at 42% through systematic implementation of advanced
generation technologies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="report-content">
<h2>Current State Analysis</h2>
<p>Our comprehensive review reveals a mixed technology landscape with
both strengths and areas requiring attention. Legacy systems continue
to provide value but increasingly constrain operational efficiency and
innovation capability.</p>
<p>Document generation processes rely heavily on manual intervention,
resulting in inconsistent output quality and substantial time investment.
The 285pt <span class="highlight">column-width setting</span> in this
report ensures optimal readability while adapting to different page
configurations.</p>
<h2>Strategic Recommendations</h2>
<p>We recommend phased implementation of modern document automation
systems, beginning with high-volume, standardized outputs where benefits
will materialize quickly. This approach minimizes risk while demonstrating
clear value to stakeholders.</p>
<p>Investment in automated generation capabilities will yield significant
returns through reduced production time, improved consistency, and
enhanced ability to personalize communications at scale. Total cost
of ownership analysis projects positive ROI within 18 months.</p>
<h2>Implementation Roadmap</h2>
<p>Phase one focuses on infrastructure modernization and tool selection.
Phase two implements pilot projects in controlled environments. Phase
three scales successful patterns across the organization while maintaining
quality standards and user satisfaction.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
See Also
- column-count - Set exact number of columns
- column-gap - Set spacing between columns
- column-span - Make elements span columns
- width - Set element width
- style - Inline style attribute