letter-spacing : Letter Spacing Property

The letter-spacing property controls the horizontal spacing between characters (letters) in text. This property is useful for adjusting text appearance, creating emphasis, and improving readability in PDF documents.

Usage

/* Length values */
letter-spacing: 0;
letter-spacing: 0.5pt;
letter-spacing: 1px;
letter-spacing: 0.05em;

/* Keyword value */
letter-spacing: normal;

/* Negative values */
letter-spacing: -0.5pt;

Values

Length Units

pt (points) - Points: 1pt, 2pt, 0.5pt
px (pixels) - Pixels: 1px, 2px, 0.5px
em - Relative to font size: 0.1em, 0.05em
rem - Relative to root font size: 0.1rem
in, cm, mm - Absolute units: 0.01in, 0.1mm

Keyword Values

normal - Default spacing (equivalent to 0)

Negative Values

Negative values are allowed and will decrease spacing between characters
Use cautiously as excessive negative spacing can make text unreadable

Default Value

normal - No additional spacing (0)

Notes

Letter spacing adds or removes space between each character
Positive values increase spacing, negative values decrease spacing
The spacing is applied in addition to the default character spacing
Very large positive values can make text difficult to read
Small positive values (0.5pt-2pt) can improve readability of uppercase text
Commonly used for headings, logos, and emphasis
Relative units (em, rem) scale with font size
Affects all characters including spaces
Does not affect word boundaries (use word-spacing for that)

Data Binding

The letter-spacing property can be dynamically controlled through data binding, allowing character spacing to be adjusted based on design preferences, accessibility requirements, or document types.

Example 1: User Accessibility Preferences

<p style="letter-spacing: ; font-size: 12pt">
    
</p>

<!-- Data model example:
{
    "accessibility": {
        "letterSpacing": "1pt"  // User preference for improved readability
    },
    "content": "This text spacing improves readability for some users."
}
-->

Example 2: Content Type-Based Spacing

<h1 style="letter-spacing: ; font-size: ; text-transform: uppercase">
    
</h1>

<!-- Data model for logo/branding:
{
    "heading": {
        "text": "ANNUAL REPORT",
        "spacing": "3pt",
        "size": "24pt"
    }
}
-->

<!-- Data model for regular heading:
{
    "heading": {
        "text": "Section Overview",
        "spacing": "normal",
        "size": "18pt"
    }
}
-->

Example 3: Dynamic Emphasis Levels

<div style="letter-spacing: ; font-size: 14pt; text-transform: uppercase">
    
</div>

<!-- Data model example:
{
    "emphasis": {
        "text": "IMPORTANT NOTICE",
        "spacing": "5pt"  // Higher spacing for maximum emphasis
    }
}
-->

Examples

Example 1: Spaced Out Heading

<h1 style="letter-spacing: 3pt; font-size: 24pt; text-transform: uppercase">
    ANNUAL REPORT
</h1>

Example 2: Normal Letter Spacing

<p style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 12pt">
    This paragraph uses normal letter spacing for standard readability.
</p>

Example 3: Tight Letter Spacing

<p style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt; font-size: 11pt">
    This text has slightly tighter letter spacing to fit more content.
</p>

Example 4: Logo Style Text

<div style="letter-spacing: 5pt; font-size: 28pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">
    BRAND NAME
</div>

Example 5: Subtitle with Moderate Spacing

<h2 style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; font-size: 16pt; color: #666; text-transform: uppercase">
    Chapter One: Introduction
</h2>

Example 6: Certificate Header

<div style="text-align: center; padding: 30pt">
    <h1 style="letter-spacing: 8pt; font-size: 32pt; font-weight: bold; color: #1e40af">
        CERTIFICATE
    </h1>
    <p style="letter-spacing: 3pt; font-size: 12pt; color: #666; text-transform: uppercase">
        Of Achievement
    </p>
</div>

Example 7: Table Header with Spacing

<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
    <thead>
        <tr style="background-color: #1e293b">
            <th style="letter-spacing: 1pt; color: white; padding: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 10pt">
                Product Name
            </th>
            <th style="letter-spacing: 1pt; color: white; padding: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 10pt">
                Quantity
            </th>
            <th style="letter-spacing: 1pt; color: white; padding: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 10pt">
                Price
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td style="padding: 8pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #e5e7eb">Widget A</td>
            <td style="padding: 8pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #e5e7eb; text-align: center">10</td>
            <td style="padding: 8pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #e5e7eb; text-align: right">$29.99</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

Example 8: Magazine Style Headline

<div style="border-left: 4pt solid #dc2626; padding-left: 15pt; margin: 20pt 0">
    <h2 style="letter-spacing: 2pt; font-size: 22pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #1e293b">
        Breaking News
    </h2>
    <p style="letter-spacing: 0.5pt; font-size: 14pt; color: #666; margin-top: 5pt">
        Major developments in the technology sector
    </p>
</div>

Example 9: Business Card Layout

<div style="border: 2pt solid #1e293b; padding: 30pt; width: 350pt">
    <h2 style="letter-spacing: 6pt; font-size: 20pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #1e40af">
        John Smith
    </h2>
    <p style="letter-spacing: 2pt; font-size: 11pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #666">
        Senior Developer
    </p>
    <p style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 15pt">
        Email: john.smith@example.com<br/>
        Phone: (555) 123-4567
    </p>
</div>

Example 10: Quote with Emphasis

<div style="text-align: center; padding: 40pt; background-color: #f9fafb">
    <p style="letter-spacing: 1pt; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.6; color: #374151">
        "Design is not just what it looks like and feels like.<br/>
        Design is how it works."
    </p>
    <p style="letter-spacing: 2pt; font-size: 11pt; text-transform: uppercase; margin-top: 15pt; color: #6b7280">
        — Steve Jobs
    </p>
</div>

Example 11: Price Tag with Spaced Numbers

<div style="text-align: center; padding: 20pt; background-color: #fef2f2; border: 3pt solid #dc2626">
    <p style="letter-spacing: 2pt; font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #991b1b">
        Limited Offer
    </p>
    <p style="letter-spacing: 3pt; font-size: 48pt; font-weight: bold; color: #dc2626; margin: 15pt 0">
        $99
    </p>
    <p style="letter-spacing: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">
        Regular Price: $149
    </p>
</div>

Example 12: Document Section Divider

<div style="text-align: center; padding: 20pt 0; border-top: 2pt solid #e5e7eb; border-bottom: 2pt solid #e5e7eb; margin: 30pt 0">
    <p style="letter-spacing: 5pt; font-size: 14pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #374151">
        Section II
    </p>
</div>

Example 13: Invoice Header

<div style="padding: 20pt">
    <h1 style="letter-spacing: 4pt; font-size: 28pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #1e293b">
        Invoice
    </h1>
    <div style="letter-spacing: 1pt; font-size: 11pt; color: #666; margin-top: 10pt">
        <p>NUMBER: INV-2024-001</p>
        <p>DATE: October 14, 2025</p>
    </div>
</div>

<div style="padding: 20pt">
    <h3 style="letter-spacing: 3pt; font-size: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #92400e; border-bottom: 2pt solid #92400e; padding-bottom: 5pt">
        Appetizers
    </h3>
    <p style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 11pt; margin-top: 10pt">
        Spring Rolls - $6.99<br/>
        Bruschetta - $7.99
    </p>

    <h3 style="letter-spacing: 3pt; font-size: 16pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #92400e; border-bottom: 2pt solid #92400e; padding-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 25pt">
        Main Courses
    </h3>
    <p style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 11pt; margin-top: 10pt">
        Grilled Salmon - $18.99<br/>
        Ribeye Steak - $24.99
    </p>
</div>

Example 15: Report Cover Page

<div style="text-align: center; padding: 100pt 50pt">
    <h1 style="letter-spacing: 8pt; font-size: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; color: #1e40af; line-height: 1.4">
        Quarterly<br/>Financial<br/>Report
    </h1>
    <div style="margin-top: 50pt">
        <p style="letter-spacing: 3pt; font-size: 18pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #64748b">
            Q4 2024
        </p>
        <p style="letter-spacing: 1pt; font-size: 12pt; color: #94a3b8; margin-top: 20pt">
            PREPARED BY FINANCE DEPARTMENT
        </p>
    </div>
</div>